From structure to light to force
Caption-led silent film. All diagrams are illustrative.

00:00:00.000 — Light changes direction. The surface receives momentum.
An externally supplied beam carries momentum. Perfect reflection reverses the light and transfers twice its incident momentum.
Ideal model: F = 2P/c; c = 299,792,458 m/s.

00:00:12.000 — Inside a material, boundaries can be extended regions.
Ladbrook and colleagues mapped unusually broad structural boundaries in a cuprate. The colored regions here are an explanatory drawing.
Ladbrook et al., PRL (2026), DOI: 10.1103/r62x-kt5j.

00:00:24.000 — A smooth map can hide unresolved structure.
Conventional graphene Raman maps average over the laser spot. Finer variations can affect spectra without being individually imaged.
Neumann et al., Nature Communications (2015), DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9429.

00:00:36.000 — Graphene can electrically switch an outgoing beam.
Han and colleagues demonstrated 57 degrees of electrical beam switching. This is an optical result, not a measured propulsion result.
Han et al., Light: Science & Applications (2025), DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01967-y.

00:00:49.000 — Two efficiency numbers use different denominators.
For one state, 7.8% of incident power reaches the selected beam. The 83.6% relative efficiency uses total measured scattered power instead.
Han et al. (2025). Other state: 8.4% absolute and 76.5% relative.

00:01:02.000 — The next result is a measurement—not a spacecraft.
The goal is a reproducible connection between structure, light and force. Alpha 1 remains a separate, unvalidated hypothesis.
Metric Flight / Christopher Hill / metricflight.com