Conservation

Equilibrium forces on non-reciprocal materials

2022 · Theoretical analysis

Theory & models

What this work contributes

At common temperature, the analyzed nonreciprocal Casimir system has forces derived from a free energy.

Where the evidence stops

Breaking optical reciprocity does not by itself create equilibrium self-acceleration.

Keep the conditions with the result

Conditions
Thermal equilibrium; nonreciprocal objects.
Design use
Keep equilibrium and externally driven heat-engine cases separate.
Review access
Author-repository abstract and journal metadata inspected; not full-text review.
Publication
Physical Review B 106, 115106
DOI
10.1103/PhysRevB.106.115106

Original source

David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky; Noah Graham; Mehran Kardar; Matthias Krüger. Equilibrium forces on non-reciprocal materials. Physical Review B 106, 115106 (2022).

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.106.115106

How we use it

This record belongs to Conservation. Its evidence label describes the cited work, not the maturity of a Metric Flight device. Follow the original methods, corrections and conditions before transferring a result to a different geometry or scale.

Editorial note reviewed 19 October 2026. AI assisted research discovery and synthesis. Citation metadata and claims were checked against primary publication or institutional records; full-text access varies. Read the source for the complete method.