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41 sources shown
SBIR/STTR Program Definitions: Technology Readiness Levels
NASA
Technology maturity · Official maturity definitions
Propulsion force and heat transfer for nonreciprocal nanoparticles
Laila Henkes, Kiryl Asheichyk, Matthias Krüger
Nonequilibrium frontier · Published theoretical analysis
Direct radiation pressure measurements for lightsail membranes
Lior Michaeli; Ramon Gao; Michael D. Kelzenberg; Claudio U. Hail; Adrien Merkt; John E. Sader; Harry A. Atwater
Photon force measurement · Peer-reviewed laboratory measurements
Update on NASA’s Advanced Composite Solar Sail System
NASA
Deployable structures · Flight deployment; dated operational update
Dynamically stable radiation pressure propulsion of flexible lightsails for interstellar exploration
Ramon Gao; Michael D. Kelzenberg; Harry A. Atwater
Multiphysics simulation · Peer-reviewed computational study
The LightSail 2 Solar Sailing Mission Summary
David A. Spencer; John M. Bellardo; Bruce Betts; Justin Mansell; Barbara Plante
Solar sailing · Flight mission report
High-accuracy thrust measurements of the EMDrive and elimination of false-positive effects
M. Tajmar, O. Neunzig, M. Weikert
Force metrology · Published null experiment
Thrust measurements and evaluation of asymmetric infrared laser resonators for space propulsion
O. Neunzig; M. Weikert; M. Tajmar
Asymmetric cavity tests · Peer-reviewed laboratory null result
Near Field Propulsion Forces from Nonreciprocal Media
David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky, Noah Graham, Mehran Kardar, Matthias Krüger
Nonequilibrium frontier · Published theoretical prediction
Axial force radiometer for primary standard laser power measurements using photon momentum
Paul Williams; Kyle Rogers; Joshua A. Hadler; Alexandra Artusio-Glimpse; John Lehman
Photon momentum metrology · Demonstrated laboratory measurement system
Measurement of the Casimir torque
David A. T. Somers, Joseph L. Garrett, Kevin J. Palm, Jeremy N. Munday
Casimir experiments · Published laboratory experiment
Recommended Practice for Thrust Measurement in Electric Propulsion Testing
James E. Polk, Anthony Pancotti, Thomas Haag, Scott King, Mitchell Walker, Joseph Blakely, John Ziemer
Force metrology · Community measurement practice
Measurement of Impulsive Thrust from a Closed Radio-Frequency Cavity in Vacuum
Harold White, Paul March, James Lawrence, Jerry Vera, Andre Sylvester, David Brady, Paul Bailey
Disputed thrust claims · Published positive claim; later tests did not reproduce anomalous thrust
NASA Begins Testing of Revolutionary E-Sail Technology
NASA
Electric sail testing · Institutional report of laboratory development
Anisotropic particles near surfaces: Propulsion force and friction
Boris Müller, Matthias Krüger
Nonequilibrium frontier · Published theory and numerical predictions
A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight
Philip Lubin
Beamed propulsion · Research roadmap and system concept
Use of radiation pressure for measurement of high-power laser emission
Paul A. Williams, Joshua A. Hadler, Robert Lee, Frank C. Maring, John H. Lehman
Photon momentum · Published experiment
Experimental demonstration of optical transport, sorting and self-arrangement using a ‘tractor beam’
O. Brzobohatý, V. Karásek, M. Šiler, L. Chvátal, T. Čižmár, P. Zemánek
Optical manipulation · Published laboratory experiment
Support for the thermal origin of the Pioneer anomaly
Slava G. Turyshev; Viktor T. Toth; Gary Kinsella; Siu-Chun Lee; Shing M. Lok; Jordan Ellis
Thermal recoil · Peer-reviewed flight-data and thermal-model analysis
Observation of the dynamical Casimir effect in a superconducting circuit
C. M. Wilson, G. Johansson, A. Pourkabirian, M. Simoen, J. R. Johansson, T. Duty, F. Nori, P. Delsing
Driven boundaries · Published experiment
A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance
Greg Kopp; Judith L. Lean
Photon momentum · Published measurement and calibration analysis
Small Solar Power Sail Demonstrator 'IKAROS': Confirmation of Photon Acceleration
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Flight evidence · Agency-reported flight demonstration
Invited Article: Electric solar wind sail: Toward test missions
P. Janhunen; P. K. Toivanen; J. Polkko; S. Merikallio; P. Salminen; E. Haeggström; H. Seppänen; R. Kurppa; J. Ukkonen; S. Kiprich; G. Thornell; H. Kratz; L. Richter; O. Krömer; R.
Electric sails · Peer-reviewed concept and engineering development review
Constraints on Stable Equilibria with Fluctuation-Induced (Casimir) Forces
Sahand Jamal Rahi, Mehran Kardar, Thorsten Emig
Constraints · Published theoretical bound
Scattering theory approach to electrodynamic Casimir forces
Sahand Jamal Rahi, Thorsten Emig, Noah Graham, Robert L. Jaffe, Mehran Kardar
Geometry and materials · Published theoretical framework
Measured long-range repulsive Casimir–Lifshitz forces
J. N. Munday, Federico Capasso, V. Adrian Parsegian
Casimir experiments · Published experiment
Electrodynamic Tethers for Spacecraft Propulsion
Les Johnson / NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
External field coupling · Agency engineering explanation
Measurement of the Casimir Force between a Gold Sphere and a Silicon Surface with Nanoscale Trench Arrays
H. B. Chan, Y. Bao, J. Zou, R. A. Cirelli, F. Klemens, W. M. Mansfield, C. S. Pai
Geometry and materials · Published experiment
Harnessing optical forces in integrated photonic circuits
Mo Li, W. H. P. Pernice, C. Xiong, T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, H. X. Tang
Optomechanics · Published laboratory experiment
Casimir-Lifshitz Theory and Metamaterials
F. S. S. Rosa, D. A. R. Dalvit, P. W. Milonni
Geometry and materials · Published theory
Actuation of micro-optomechanical systems via cavity-enhanced optical dipole forces
Matt Eichenfield, Christopher P. Michael, Raviv Perahia, Oskar Painter
Optomechanics · Published laboratory experiment
Force Calibration Via Electrostatics
Jon R. Pratt; John A. Kramar; Gordon A. Shaw; Lee Kumanchik
Force calibration · Primary metrology research
Analysis of Radiation-Pressure Induced Mechanical Oscillation of an Optical Microcavity
T. J. Kippenberg, H. Rokhsari, T. Carmon, A. Scherer, K. J. Vahala
Optomechanics · Published laboratory experiment
Quantum mechanical actuation of microelectromechanical systems by the Casimir force
H. B. Chan, V. A. Aksyuk, R. N. Kleiman, D. J. Bishop, F. Capasso
Casimir devices · Published laboratory experiment
The TSS-1R Electrodynamic Tether Experiment: Scientific and Technological Results
Nobie H. Stone; John Raitt
Electrodynamic tethers · Flight experiment report
The unphysical nature of 'warp drive'
Michael J. Pfenning, L. H. Ford
Constraints · Published theoretical analysis
Demonstration of the Casimir Force in the 0.6 to 6 μm Range
S. K. Lamoreaux
Casimir experiments · Published experiment
Averaged energy conditions and quantum inequalities
L. H. Ford, Thomas A. Roman
Constraints · Published theoretical bounds
Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles
A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, J. E. Bjorkholm, Steven Chu
Optical manipulation · Published laboratory experiment
On the attraction between two perfectly conducting plates
H. B. G. Casimir
Casimir foundations · Foundational theory
Invariant Variation Problems
Emmy Noether; English translation by M. A. Tavel
Conservation · Established mathematical result
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Reviewed 19 October 2026. This is a curated first edition, not an exhaustive systematic review. Publication years follow the primary records; early online dates are noted where relevant.
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