AI-generated concept of a rigid electric engine with concentric field coils and blue plasma exhaust

METRIC FLIGHT / PROPULSION RESEARCH

The next way
to move.

Shape the field. Direct the energy. Explore the engines that could carry our next chapter into space.

AI-GENERATED CONCEPT ART · PROPOSED RESEARCH PROGRAM
No Metric Flight engine or propulsion performance demonstrated.

6 mechanisms profiled0 Metric Flight measurementsFirst proposed study: magnetic-nozzle field comparison →

THE OPPORTUNITY

Geometry can change
the way an engine works.

A magnetic field. A microscopic emitter. A precisely shaped flow. Different routes to the same question: can we move more effectively?

SIX CANDIDATES / SIX DIFFERENT QUESTIONS

Meet the mechanisms.

Selected for a clear momentum pathway, a research foundation and an opportunity to investigate geometry. Each profile separates published evidence from the proposed Metric Flight work.

Magnetic nozzle momentum pathwayFIELD COILSPLASMA EXHAUSTVEHICLE THRUST
ENERGY INRF generator + coil supplies
USEFUL EXCHANGEAxial plasma momentum
LOSSES TO MEASURERF losses, coils, walls, divergence
CONCEPTUAL MECHANISM · NOT TO SCALE

01 / MAGNETIC NOZZLE

Shape the field. Guide the plasma.

Shape the field. Direct the exhaust. A magnetic nozzle turns the geometry of a field into a practical propulsion question: how much of the supplied energy leaves as useful axial momentum?

Explore magnetic nozzle ↗
Electrospray momentum pathwayEMITTER ARRAYION BEAMVEHICLE THRUST
ENERGY INHigh-voltage power supply
USEFUL EXCHANGEExtracted ion / droplet momentum
LOSSES TO MEASUREInterception, conversion losses, unstable emission
CONCEPTUAL MECHANISM · NOT TO SCALE

02 / ELECTROSPRAY

A small emitter. A precise impulse.

A small surface can become an engine. Electrospray uses carefully shaped emitters and electric fields to turn a conductive liquid into a controlled beam of ions or droplets.

Explore electrospray ↗
Hall & ion momentum pathwayANNULAR CHANNELION EXHAUSTVEHICLE THRUST
ENERGY INDischarge + cathode + power processor
USEFUL EXCHANGEAccelerated ion momentum
LOSSES TO MEASUREConversion losses, divergence, wall heating
CONCEPTUAL MECHANISM · NOT TO SCALE

03 / HALL & ION

Electric power. Directed momentum.

The strongest new engine must beat a real reference. Hall and gridded-ion propulsion provide established benchmarks for turning electrical power into spacecraft motion.

Explore hall & ion ↗
Laser thermal momentum pathwayLASERPROPELLANT INNOZZLEVEHICLE THRUST
ENERGY INIncident laser + stored propellant
USEFUL EXCHANGEHeated gas momentum
LOSSES TO MEASUREReflected light, radiation, flow losses
CONCEPTUAL MECHANISM · NOT TO SCALE

04 / LASER THERMAL

Bring the energy. Keep the engine.

Put the energy source elsewhere. A laser-thermal vehicle receives light, heats propellant and sends that propellant through a nozzle. The beam supplies energy; the exhaust supplies most of the thrust.

Explore laser thermal ↗
Laser ablation momentum pathwayLASER PULSESOLID TARGETABLATION PLUMEVEHICLE THRUST
ENERGY INIncident pulse + consumable target
USEFUL EXCHANGEAblated material momentum
LOSSES TO MEASUREReflected light, heat, debris, divergent plume
CONCEPTUAL MECHANISM · NOT TO SCALE

05 / LASER ABLATION

A pulse of light. A controlled recoil.

A pulse of light. A measured packet of momentum. Laser ablation offers a direct way to investigate how a surface turns absorbed energy into a controlled exhaust.

Explore laser ablation ↗
Electrodynamic tether momentum pathwayCURRENT IN TETHERPLANETFORCE
ENERGY INOrbital energy or onboard electrical power
USEFUL EXCHANGEMomentum exchanged with planetary environment
LOSSES TO MEASUREOhmic heating, plasma contact losses, drag
CONCEPTUAL MECHANISM · NOT TO SCALE

06 / ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER

A current. A planet. A momentum exchange.

Use the environment as the momentum partner. A conducting tether carrying current through a planetary magnetic field can change a spacecraft’s orbit without a conventional propellant jet.

Explore electrodynamic tether ↗

MISSION FIRST / ENGINE SECOND

Where could it matter?

DESIGN THE PROGRAM

From a mechanism
to a defensible decision.

THE NEXT MOVE / BUILD THE EVIDENCE

A better engine begins
with a better experiment.

Bring a measurement, a materials capability or a mission requirement. Help turn a promising mechanism into a testable design.