Casimir forces

Measured long-range repulsive Casimir–Lifshitz forces

2009 · Published experiment

Measured evidence

What this work contributes

Demonstrates repulsive interactions between a gold-coated sphere and silica separated by bromobenzene. Carefully selected material responses can change the sign of a fluctuation-mediated interaction.

Where the evidence stops

This is a three-material fluid experiment, not repulsion from empty space or evidence of reactionless thrust. Optical-property uncertainty and force sensitivity limit quantitative comparison.

Original source

J. N. Munday, Federico Capasso, V. Adrian Parsegian. Measured long-range repulsive Casimir–Lifshitz forces. Nature 457, 170–173 (2009).

DOI: 10.1038/nature07610

How we use it

This record belongs to Casimir forces. Its evidence label describes the cited work, not the maturity of a Metric Flight device. Follow the original methods, corrections and conditions before transferring a result to a different geometry or scale.

Editorial note reviewed 19 October 2026. AI assisted research discovery and synthesis. Citation metadata and claims were checked against primary publication or institutional records; full-text access varies. Read the source for the complete method.